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The Arab Ba'ath Movement ((アラビア語:حركة البعث العربي) ''Harakat Al-Ba'ath Al-Arabi''), also literally translated as Arab Resurrection Movement or Arab Renaissance Movement, was the Ba'athist political movement and predecessor of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party.〔Jasim M. Abdulghani. Iraq & Iran: the years of crisis. Croom Helm, Ltd., 1984. Pp. 27.〕 The party was first named Arab Ihya Movement (''Harakat al-Ihya al-'Arabi'') literally translated as Arab Revitalization Movement, until 1943 when it adopted the name "Ba'ath".〔Michel Curtis. People and Politics in the Middle East. Transaction Books. Pp. 132, 139.〕〔Jasim M. Abdulghani. Iraq & Iran: the years of crisis. Croom Helm, Ltd., 1984. Pp. 27.〕 It was founded in 1940 by Michel Aflaq.〔Michel Curtis. People and Politics in the Middle East. Pp. 132.〕〔David Seddon. A political and economic dictionary of the Middle East. London, England, UK: Taylor & Francis e-library, 2005. Pp. 19.〕〔Ghareeb, Edmund A.; Dougherty, Beth K. Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Lanham, Maryland and Oxford: The Scarecrow Press, Ltd., 2004. Pp. 2.〕 Its founders, Aflaq and Bitar were both associated with left-wing politics.〔Rami Ginat. ''Egypt's incomplete revolution: Lutfi al-Khuli and Nasser's socialism in the 1960s''. Routledge, 1997. Pp. 11.〕 ==History== The Movement was formed in 1940 as the Arab Ihya Movement by Syrian expatriate Michel Aflaq. Shortly after being founded, the Movement became involved in anti-colonial Arab nationalist militant activities, including Aflaq founding the Syrian Committee to Help Iraq that was created in 1941 to support the anti-British and pro-Axis government of Iraq against the British during the Anglo-Iraqi War of 1941.〔Spencer Tucker. ''The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts, Volume 1''. Santa Barbara, California, USA: ABC-CLIO, 2010. Pp. 30〕 The Syrian Committee sent weapons and volunteers to fight alongside Iraqi forces against the British.〔Spencer Tucker. ''The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts, Volume 1''. Santa Barbara, California, USA: ABC-CLIO, 2010. Pp. 30〕 Aflaq unsuccessfully ran as a candidate for the Syrian parliament in 1943.〔Spencer Tucker. ''The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts, Volume 1''. Santa Barbara, California, USA: ABC-CLIO, 2010. Pp. 30〕 After the Syrian election defeat, the Movement sought cooperation with other parties in elections in Syria, including the Arab Socialist Movement of Akram El-Hourani.〔Spencer Tucker. ''The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts, Volume 1''. Santa Barbara, California, USA: ABC-CLIO, 2010. Pp. 30〕 The Party became the Arab Ba'ath Party in 1947, and al-Hawrani's Arab Socialist Movement later merged into the party in the 1950s to establish the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arab Ba'ath Movement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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